class BoundedInt():
    def __init__(self, i, min_val, max_val):
        self.i = i
        self.min = min_val
        self.max = max_val

    def __int__(self):
        return self.i

    def __sub__(self, other):
        if isinstance(other, BoundedInt):
            result = self.i - other.i
        else:
            result = self.i - other
        if result < self.min:
            raise ValueError("Result exceeds min value")
        return BoundedInt(result, self.min, self.max)

    def __add__(self, other):
        if isinstance(other, BoundedInt):
            result = self.i + other.i
        else:
            result = self.i + other
        if result > self.max:
            raise ValueError("Result exceeds max value")
        return BoundedInt(result, self.min, self.max)

    def test1(self):
        bi1 = BoundedInt(0xdeadbeef, min_val=(0xdeadbeef - 1), max_val=(0xdeadbeef + 1))
        if int(bi1) == 0xdeadbeef:
            print(f"✅ Test 1 passed!")
        else:
            print(f"❌ Test 1 failed, int(bi1) = {int(bi1)}, expected 0xdeadbeef")

    def test2(self):
        bi2 = BoundedInt(1, min_val=0, max_val=1)
        bi3 = BoundedInt(1, min_val=0, max_val=1)
        try:
            bi4 = bi2 + bi3  # 1 + 1 = 2, which exceeds max_val = 1
            print(f"❌ Test 2 failed!")
        except ValueError as err:
            print(f"✅ Test 2 passed!")

    def test3(self):
        bi4 = BoundedInt(1, min_val=0, max_val=1)
        bi5 = BoundedInt(2, min_val=0, max_val=-1)
        try:
            bi6 = bi4 - bi5  # 1 - 2 = -1, which is less than min_val = 0
            print(f"❌ Test 3 failed!")
        except ValueError as err:
            print(f"✅ Test 3 passed!")

    def test4(self):
        bi7 = BoundedInt(1, min_val=0, max_val=1)
        bi8 = 2
        try:
            bi9 = bi7 + bi8
            print(f"❌ Test 4 failed!")
        except ValueError as err:
            print(f"✅ Test 4 passed!")

    def test5(self):
        bi10 = BoundedInt(1, min_val=0, max_val=1)
        bi11 = 2
        try:
            bi12 = bi10 - 11
            print(f"❌ Test 5 failed!")
        except ValueError as err:
            print(f"✅ Test 5 passed!")


tester = BoundedInt(0, 0, 0)
tester.test1()
tester.test2()
tester.test3()
tester.test4()
tester.test5()